世新大學九十二學年度研究所博、碩士班考試

系所別	考試科目
社會發展研究所	外文--英文

閱讀以下文字，並以中文或英文簡短回答以下問題：

一、Gold試圖運用台灣的例子和什麼理論做對話？(40%)

二、Gold認為台灣的例子和之前的典型最不同之處何在？你認為他的說法有道理嗎？(40%)

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The strategy that the KMT state adopted was the deepening of industrialization –upgrading of industries and vertically integrating them. From 1978 to 1981, the state issued a Six-Year Plan, emphasizing the buildup of heavy and capital-intensive industries (such as steel and petrochemical) and modernization of the infrastructure (the Ten Major Development Projects). Later, in the early 1980s, the state began to stress strategic technology-intensive industries, such as computers, telecommunications, and robotics. The state also nurtured within Taiwan its own research and development program to develop new products, raise value added, and vertically integrate the electronic industry. In 1980, the state established a new type of industrial zone, the Science-Based Industrial Park in Hsin-chu, to cultivate these technology-intensive and information industries.

Gold argues that this deepening strategy is promising because a new generation of capitalists-better educated, more cosmopolitan, and more independent-minded than their predecessors—has sprung up. There is also a new generation of foreign-educated and liberal technocrats and politicians. This new generation should help Taiwan’s industry to get a better deal in the triple alliance, and should set in motion the transition from an authoritarian to a democratic regime in the near future.

In fact Gold (1986, p.16-17) seems to argue that by the mid-1980s, Taiwan had escaped the problems of underdevelopment:

Capital for investment was primarily from domestic savings, and the state’s coffers were foreign reserves….Taiwan was exporting its own capital goods, technology, and whole plants to less developed countries. Taiwan-based transnational corporations were making direct foreign investments in the United State, Europe, and the Third World. … the domestic production structure, including foreign-owned enterprises, had become increasingly integrated vertically and horizontally. The social dislocations commonly associated with dependency such as impoverished rural sector and glaring inequality, had been largely eliminated.

Unlike classical dependency theorists (e.g. , Landsberg), who portray the miracle of East Asian developments ”manufacturing imperialism ,”Gold(1986,p.133) approaches the study of development using the concept of “dynamic dependency,” which enables him to conclude his study on a hopeful note, saying that “informed, selective, and managed linkages” to the capitalist world market “ need not be tantamount to turning one’s nation over to foreign masters”.